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How do laypeople understand meaning in life (MIL) and how are lay beliefs about MIL related to well-being in specific groups of laypeople? To address these questions, we recruited 417 adults and identified their most prevalent lay beliefs about MIL: (1) interpersonal relationships, (2) purpose, (3) self-transcendence, (4) personal growth, (5) spirituality, and (6) meaning making. Two other MIL lay beliefs – comprehension and existential mattering – were rarely mentioned. Using latent profile analysis with the identified six lay beliefs, we uncovered a three-cluster solution. The three clusters were characterized by beliefs about self-transcendent, spiritual-personal growth, and the interpersonal nature of MIL, respectively. Overall, findings on cluster membership, MIL lay beliefs, and well-being suggest that thinking about MIL in other-oriented terms might exert positive effects on well-being, whereas a more self-focused belief could have detrimental effects. These findings underscore the heterogeneity of laypeople’s beliefs about MIL and their implications for well-being.

Comprehension, purpose, and mattering? A latent profile analysis of laypeople’s beliefs about meaning in life