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This review critically examines the efficacy of dual-modular stems in primary total hip arthroplasty. Given the variability and non-comparability of certain femoral stem designs and stem-neck couplings, with some even being withdrawn from the market, this review offers an in-depth analysis of predominant implant performances. The paper explores a brief historical summary related to dual-modular stems, including the complications associated with their use, diagnostic tools for evaluation, analysis of both recalled and currently available models, as well as alternative therapeutic options. This information is pertinent for both clinical and research domains. While dual-modular systems were initially touted to offer several advantages, the evidence substantiating these benefits has been ambiguous. Further, these systems introduce the risk of alternative complications. In specific cases involving patients with developmental hip dysplasia and certain proximal femoral deformities requiring complex reconstructions, dual-modular systems might be relevant. Nonetheless, the use of long interchangeable necks in patients with a body mass index above 30 kg/m 2  is discouraged, and pairing a long varus-oriented neck with an extra-long femoral head should be avoided in all patients.

Bimodular femoral stems in primary total hip arthroplasty