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This paper analyses the ritualization that has evolved around the Copa Libertadores de América finals: the most important football tournament in South America at club level. It seeks to understand its evolution from the beginning of the twenty-first century, paying attention to the confrontation between different national realities and the subcontinental institutions that govern football in the region, particularly the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL). Applying a methodology based on the audiovisual dimension of the event, and analysing multiple categories of ritualization, it can be seen that the institutional weakness of CONMEBOL has hindered the transmission of a clear message via the tournament. This has made it difficult for the tournament to consolidate itself as a unifying force for football in the region, and has prevented CONMEBOL, at least so far, from being able to lead a citizenship project around football in South America.

Neo-rituals under construction. How and what do the finals of the CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores tell us?