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The allelopathic effect of  Callistemon viminalis’s  leaf extracts on seed germination and growth of  Triticum aestivum  and  Cicer arietinum,  as well as associated weeds ( Anagallis arvensis, Poa annua,  Lepidium didymium, and  Vicia sativa ), was studied. Different concentrations (2–10%) of aqueous extracts were used, and physiological parameters were measured. Higher concentrations (6–10%) significantly inhibited the germination and growth of wheat and chickpea. In pot assay, the extract did not affect shoot length, dry plant mass, chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, protein content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rate, and antioxidant enzymes in crop and various parameters of soil properties in comparison to the control. Both crops grew significantly at lower concentrations. This study suggests that extract of  C. viminalis  can inhibit the growth of  A. arvensis  and  V. sativa  without affecting germination, photosynthetic and biochemical properties of  C. arietinum  and  T. aestivum , and soil properties, making it a potential candidate for bioherbicide development.

Allelopathic effect of Callistemon viminalis ’s leaves extract on weeds, soil features, and growth performance of wheat and chickpea plants