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Stem cell-based therapies have demonstrated great potential in several clinical trials. However, safety data on stem cell application remain inadequate. This study evaluated the toxicity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2 Rγ null  (NOG) mice. Mice were administered hUC-MSCs intravenously at doses of 3.5 × 10 6  cells/kg and 3.5 × 10 7  cells/kg. Toxicity was assessed by clinical observation, behavioral evaluation, pathology, organ weight, and histopathology. We determined the distribution of hUC-MSCs using a validated qPCR method and colonization using immunohistochemistry. No significant abnormal effects on clinical responses, body weight, or food intake were observed in the mice, except for two in the high-dose group that died during the last administration. Mouse activity in the high-dose group decreased 6 h after the first administration. Terminal examination revealed dose-dependent changes in hematology. The mice in the high-dose group displayed pulmonary artery wall plaques and mild alveolar wall microthrombi. hUC-MSCs colonized primarily the lung tissues and were largely distributed there 24 h after the final administration. The no observed adverse effect level for intravenous administration of hUC-MSCs in NOG mice over a period of 3 w was 3.5 × 10 6  cells/kg.

A repeat-dose toxicity study of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in NOG mice by intravenous injection