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The scientific problem of the development of ideas about the possibilities of using the process of toxic H 2 S conversion into demanded chemicals – hydrogen and elemental sulfur is considered. Until recently, all solutions to the very urgent problem of H 2 S utilization were based on the paradigm of the generally accepted concepts of decomposition of a molecule of this substance within the framework of ‘classical’ equilibrium thermodynamics using external energy sources, but no acceptable solution to this problem has yet been found. In this regard, a new paradigm of H 2 S decomposition is proposed, which is based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of an irreversible process in an open system. The concept of the decisive role of solid catalysts in the reaction of low-temperature decomposition of H 2 S makes it possible to solve not only the problem of efficient utilization of H 2 S, but also opens new pages in the chemistry of this substance as both a source of atomic hydrogen and an energy supplier for activation of the chemically inert molecules. Therefore, ‘useless’ H 2 S acquires the status of a ‘useful’ chemical that will be probably in demand to solve problems which could not be carried out within the framework of the previous paradigm.

Shift of the H 2 S paradigm