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At the height of the Spanish Civil War, over 450,000 Spanish citizens fled to France in an exodus known as the Retirada. Multimediality has long marked representations of this history: among its first accounts were illustrated texts by refugees held in French detention camps, and many contemporary works about this period integrate a similar interplay of words and images. This article explores two French graphic novels about the Retirada and the intergenerational transmission of its memory: Alain Munoz’s  D’ailleurs  (2017) and Henri Fabuel and Jean-Marie Minguez’s  Exil  (2013). Drawing upon Maurice Halbwachs and Paul Ricœur’s theories of memory, I argue that these texts’ multimedia and multigenre approach—involving not only the interaction between text and image, but also letters, family photographs, and different modes of storytelling—reflects a similarly dynamic interdependence between individual and collective memory. I also consider a 1939 refugee-run review,  Barraca , to trace this intersection of media and memory back to the Retirada’s very first publications.

“We must leave traces”: Media and Memory in Two Graphic Novels