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Egypt’s water resources face challenges arising from escalating urban demand, changes in land use, environmental requirements, and the impacts of climate change. To address these challenges, the study develops a dynamic model using WEAP model as a decision support tool for water sector planning and management. By comparing different scenarios, the research examines the benefits of water conservation in terms of cost reduction in supply, wastewater generation, and treatment. Considering the projection period until 2037, it is imperative to carefully examine the research findings and explore opportunities for further optimizing water use efficiency. Based on the model simulation results, it is anticipated that the total water demands in Egypt will rise from 78.40 billion cubic meters (BCM) in 2023 (comprising 61.10 BCM for the agricultural sector, 12.58 BCM for the municipal sector, and 5.73 BCM for the industrial sector) to 81.02 BCM in 2037. The water demand for the agricultural sector is projected to decrease from 61.30 billion cubic meters (BCM) in 2023 to 60.14 BCM in 2037 as a result of the implementation of modern and smart irrigation systems. Conversely, the municipal sector is expected to experience an increase from 12.58 BCM in 2023 to 14.88 BCM in 2037. Furthermore, for the industrial sector, the water demand is anticipated to rise from 5.73 BCM in 2023 to 6.00 BCM in 2037.

WEAP analysis for enhancing water resource sustainability in Egypt: a dynamic modeling approach for long-term planning and management