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Inflammatory diseases are normally treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which may cause adverse effects if used for prolonged periods. Thus, there is a need to search for alternative anti-inflammatory medicine. This study investigated the phytochemical characteristics, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of  C. iria  Linn. roots ethanol extract. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The anti-inflammatory activities were determined using the egg albumin denaturation assay and the human red blood cell membrane stabilization method while the cytotoxic activity was investigated using the brine shrimp lethality assay. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and saponins in the extract. Anti-inflammatory assays revealed that the extract has comparable results with the positive control (250 µg/ml Celecoxib) while being non-toxic. These results suggest that the synergetic actions of identified phytochemicals may contribute to  the anti-inflammatory effect on egg albumin and human red blood cells.

Cyperus iria linn. Roots ethanol extract: its phytochemicals, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity