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Booster disinfectant can help control the growth of microorganism in water distribution systems (WDS). To minimize the booster costs under uncertainty, a double-sided fuzziness chance-constrained programming (DFCCP) model was proposed and applied to two cases. The fuzzy nodal response coefficients were obtained by water quality simulation performed by EPANET simulator with consideration of uncertain parameters. The results indicated that the booster costs increased with the confidence level under both maximum and minimum reliability scenarios. Moreover, the booster costs under maximum reliability are greater than those under minimum reliability. In addition, under minimum reliability the booster costs decreased with the uncertainty level for two cases, while under maximum reliability the booster costs increased or decreased with the uncertainty level, which depends on the variation of nodes with minimum response coefficient. The results obtained can help managers make decisions in a complex consideration of costs and risks.

Optimization of injection costs for water distribution systems under double-sided fuzziness