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Magnetic biochar (MBC) was synthesized by using hazelnut shell (biomass) as a precursor and Fe 3 O 4  as a magnetization agent and it is used as a suitable biosorbent for removal of pharmaceutical impurities from the contaminated water. Physical activations with ultrasound irradiation and pyrolysis were combined with chemical activations by H 3 PO 4  and KOH to realize high adsorption performance on Penicillin-G (Pen-G) pharmaceutical impurities. The maximum Pen-G adsorption capacity of 479 mg/g was achieved in the temperature of 40°C, pH = 2, Pen-G concentration of 1000 ppm, and 0.175 g (per 100 g of solution) dose of catalyst. The produced biochar was characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, and TGA experiments. The Langmuir isotherm shows the best fit with experimental adsorption data. Moreover, the adsorption experiments were extremely defined with the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The produced biosorbent had a high adsorption capacity, eco-friendly and cost-effective properties with considerable reusability properties.

Production of magnetic biochar from the Hazelnut shell and magnetite particles for adsorption of Penicillin-G from the contaminated water