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Ethylene-responsive factors play important roles in the biotic and abiotic stresses. Only some  ERF  genes from  Capsicum annuum  have been characterized. In the study, the  CaERF1A  gene is characterized in response to biotic stress.  CaERF1A  transcripts were induced by various plant defense-related hormone treatments. Knockdown of  CaERF1A  in hot pepper plants are negatively affected  Tobacco mosaic virus -P 0 -mediated hypersensitive response cell death, resulting in reduced gene expression of pathogenesis-related genes and ethylene and jasmonic acid synthesis-related gene. Overexpressing  CaERF1A  transgenic plants show enhanced resistance to fungal pathogen via regulating ethylene and jasmonic acid synthesis-related gene expression. Thus, CaERF1A is a positive regulator of plant defense by modulating ethylene and jasmonic acid synthesis-related gene expressions.

Functional analysis of hot pepper ethylene responsive factor 1A in plant defense