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This study investigates the adsorptive properties of biochars derived from banana pseudostem (BP) and palm kernel shell for methylene blue (MB) removal. The biochars were prepared using a microwave-assisted method, resulting in unique surface characteristics. The BP-based biochar (BP-C) exhibits a high surface area of 46.6 m 2 /g with MB capacity of 165 mg/g, surpassing that of palm kernel shell-based biochar (PK-C) with a capacity of 34.9 mg/g. Both biochars show a good fit to Langmuir model, implying a monolayer adsorption of MB on homogeneous surface. However, the kinetic analysis suggests that BP-C is driven by chemisorption while that of PK-C is physisorption. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the MB adsorption onto BP-C is spontaneous and favorable particularly at elevated temperatures and low MB concentrations. To conclude, this work highlights the promising BP-C as effective adsorbent for dye removal, offering insights into sustainable dye wastewater treatment application.

Banana pseudo stem- and palm kernel shell-based biochars by microwave for methylene blue adsorption