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Recently, scientists have developed a variety of approaches and techniques to boost the performance of engines and lower hazardous emissions. One method that has received a lot of interest is the employment of nanoparticles in fuels to address several drawbacks of fuels. Indeed, ceria (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles are a common additive derived from fuel to lower particulate emissions discharged from diesel-powered engines. The preparation techniques and physicochemical features of biodiesel-originated fuels including CeO 2  nanoparticles were thoroughly introduced in this review work. Also, the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics and tribological properties of diesel engines running on CeO 2 -included fuels were completely examined. Furthermore, this paper discussed the noticeable effects of CeO 2  nanoparticles on human health and the environment in detail. Generally, adding CeO 2  nanoparticles in terms of size ranging from 30–50 ppm into various biodiesel/diesel fuels showed positive impacts in terms of mitigating toxic emissions such as CO, HC, &amp; smoke by the highest of about 94.98%, 91.16%, and 90.3% and improving diesel engine performance with a highest of about 31.25%, though their effects on the ecosystem and human health have been a contentious concern that needs handling in further investigations. The novelty of the current review is to provide comprehensive information on the ppm-specific use of CeO 2  nanoparticles as a potential additive to blend with various biodiesel/diesel fuels aiming to improve various engine characteristics, tribological behavior, and environmental impact.

Effects of CeO 2 nanoparticles on engine features, tribology behaviors, and environment