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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Cell reduction carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a promising avenue for converting CO 2  into valuable products. In this work, a flowable electrode with a rotating impeller collector was proposed to enhance the efficiency of the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) in a photoelectrochemical system. Titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 ), with its capacitive properties, serves as a catalyst and is fluidized in the cathode chamber. The frequent contact between the Ti 3 C 2  catalysts and the rotating impeller collector extends the catalytic reaction throughout the catholyte and enhances the efficiency of CO 2 RR. The feasibility of the design was verified through suspension characterization, CO 2  diffusion concentration measurement, capacitance characterization, and experimental factor analysis. The PEC with a flow electrode exhibits CO and CH 4  production rates of 1.64 μmol g −1 h  −1 and 9.62 μmol g −1 h −1 , respectively, which are 3.5 and 7.2 times higher than those of the fixed cathode. The Faradaic efficiency for CH 4  reaches 92.4%. Moreover, the collision probability of the flow electrode is 17.7%, which is significantly higher than that of the conventional bubbling fluidized electrode. In addition, the capacitive properties of Ti 3 C 2  particles favor the continuous CO 2 RR under open circuit conditions, which was verified by an EDS test of Na + . Finally, the operational mechanism of the PEC system is described.

Flowable capacitive cathode for efficiency carbon dioxide reduction in photoelectrochemical cell