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Solar photovoltaic (PV) technologies have the advantage of making electricity from solar energy. However, it also has the disadvantage of low energy exchange efficiency, which is worse when PV modules overheat. To address the issues, a novel butterfly serpentine flow pattern was developed and analyzed for a PV thermal collector (PV/T) system and a PV/T heat pump (PV/T-HP) system with and without Hydrated Salt (HS) Phase Change Material (PCM). In this work, energy assessments were performed on a PV/T water (PV/T-W), a PV/T water PCM system (PV/T-W-PCM), PV/T-HP, and a PV/T-HP-PCM system. The energy performance of all four cases was investigated and compared with the base uncooled PV system. PV/T-W, PV/T-W-PCM, PV/T-HP, and PV/T-HP-PCM had higher average electrical efficiency compared to a base PV system by 6.21%, 13.44%, 20.57%, and 26.07%, respectively. The maximum thermal efficiency of PV/T-W and PV/T-W-PCM system were 76.25% and 89.82%, respectively. Similarly, the coefficient of performance (COP) of PV/T-HP and PV/T-HP-PCM systems were 3.88 and 4.68, respectively.

energy sources, part a: recovery, utilization, and environmental effects

Energy analysis of a novel butterfly serpentine flow-based PV/T and PV/T heat pump system with phase change material – an experimental comparative study