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It is well-known that the shortage of water resources is one of the most serious global challenges. Steam generation via the solar system is one of the effective alternative ways that received significant interest in the last years to obtain clean water. Photothermal materials have received particular interest in this field; however, they suffer drawbacks, mainly high cost and poor energy efficiency, durability, and salt resistance. In this study, we selected carbonized lotus root as an alternative cheap photothermal material-hydrophilic functional groups with complete and abundant channels via freeze-drying technology. The carbonized lotus root has been prepared at different temperatures, and its ability in steam production has been investigated. The steam generation from seawater and with various NaCl added ratios has been examined via a solar simulator. The results showed that carbonized lotus root prepared at 900°C has a three-dimensional porous structure, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and evaporation performance in seawater and salt solution. The water evaporation rates for pure water, 1.4% NaCl, and 4.1% NaCl solutions are 0.90, 0.85, and 0.83 kg m −2  h −1 , respectively. The ratio of the photothermal conversion is 61.3%, 58%, and 56% under 1 kW m −2  illumination. It has a certain guiding significance for the subsequent practical application.

Investigation of utilizing carbonized lotus root as photothermal material in the solar steam generation system