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Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and fuel cell are the medium sources of energy to produce high output power. The power electronics conversion in the renewable energy system is the significant drawback of poor-quality output due to its harmonic content and switching losses due to its increasing number of switching components. This article proposes a novel three-phase Multilevel Inverter (MLI) topology based on a series-parallel switched multilevel dc-link inverter configuration with a reduced number of switches that minimize the lower-order harmonics 3 rd , 5 th , and 7 th  using Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The configuration also engages the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to provide optimum switching angles for varying input voltages over a period, as in the case of renewable energy applications. The output of the MLI and its harmonic profile are examined in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The hardware results are proven with the Xilinx-based FPGA Nexys-4 board that generates discrete pulses to the switches.

energy sources, part a: recovery, utilization, and environmental effects

An adaptive harmonic abatement in three-phase multilevel inverter topology with reduced switches using metaheuristic approaches for renewable energy applications