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Due to the drilling problems in fractured reservoirs, multiphase lightweight fluids are essential. To produce lightweight fluids and to achieve the desired stability, a variety of chemical and natural surfactants are used. However, natural surfactants are more in demand due to environmental issues and challenges. The goal of this research is to produce a lightweight fluid using a combination of natural materials. Moreover, colloidal gas aphron (CGA) based drilling fluids are prepared at 5,000 to 10,000 rpm stirring speed; therefore in this research, the production feasibility of stable multiphase fluid (called semi-aphron) was investigated at a lower stirring speed (1,500 rpm) without Xanthan Gum polymer. The applied natural raw materials, were  Acanthophyllum bracteatum  root ( ABR), Glycyrrhiza glabra  root ( GGR ), and  Tetraclinis articulata  fruit ( TAF ) powders that were mixed with Persian Gulf seawater. Three models of response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to assess the effects of natural materials concentration (0 to 0.2%wt.) on the stability and drained volume ( DV ) of the liquid phase at 25°C and 70°C. The utilized models were central composite design (CCD), typical custom design (TCD), and modified custom design (MCD). Based on the results, the optimum concentration for  ABR, GGR , and  TAF  were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.1% wt., respectively. The produced fluids, using the combination of natural materials, had better stability than the base fluid (using SDS). The optimum concentration of natural material delayed the drainage of the liquid by about 70% at ambient temperature (25°C), and by about 50% at 70°C. The MCD model showed better-predicted  R 2at ambient temperatures and 70°C (0.91 and 0.88, respectively) than the other two models, and would estimate the amount of  DV  better. The results showed that  ABR  and  TAF  had an inverse effect on  DV  at 25°C; thus,  ABR  and  TAF  increased semi-aphron stability, whereas  GGR  increased DV and semi-aphron instability. The results of this study can be considered for the application of native natural materials ( ABR, GGR , and  TAF ) in the production of light drilling fluids, which reduces the environmental challenges of drilling fluids.

Application of response surface methodology for a feasibility study of producing stable semi-aphron fluids using natural materials