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Ulasımpark debuted Akcaray in Kocaeli, the first public transit light rail line in the city, in 2017. In this study, the operational efficiency and service-level performance of 12 Akcaray trams and four bus lines that intersect with the Akcaray route are evaluated using Data Envelopment Analysis to determine the efficiencies of various decision-making units. While Akcaray’s performance efficiency score is 100% for all 12 trams, it is 45% for the bus line 1, 76% for the bus line 2, 0.61% for the bus line 3, and 1 hundred percent for the bus line 4. Out of the four buses, only one has a 100% efficiency rating. Transportation expenses, such as energy/fuel, maintenance, accident, and environmental costs, are also assessed and compared separately for both modes of transportation. This study aimed to find a means to calculate a legitimate efficiency measure for Akcaray and bus lines, and it was determined that Akcaray could save USD 1,885,986 per year on Kocaeli public transit. It also saves over 4 million cubic meters of compressed natural gas.

Operational efficiency and energy saving analysis of urban transportation: A case study