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The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel green synthesis of copper niobate (CuNb 2 O 6 ) thin film using copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO 4  · 5H 2 O), an organometallic precursor of bis(cyclopentadienyl) niobium (IV) dichloride (C 10 H 10 Cl 2 Nb), using  Allium cepa  as a catalyst. The synthesized thin film was characterized using the XRD, EDX, SEM FTIR, UVvis, and 4-point probe measurement. The XRD patterns of the thin film affirmed the formation of a pure monoclinic CuNb 2 O 6  phase. Similarly, the SEM images illustrated the formation of the film and the different film microstructures. The EDX revealed that the thin film consisted of copper (Cu), niobium (Nb), and oxygen (O) elements. The thin film, however, possessed broad absorption in the Ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) region with an absorption edge at 340 nm and an optical bandgap evaluated to be 3.18 eV. Also, the fabricated film’s transmittance ranged between 40% and 55%. A Raman shift of 690 cm −1  was identified at the CuNb 2 O 6  film. The results obtained from the FTIR analysis demonstrated characteristic IR bands at 608 cm −1  and 940 cm −1  which indicated the formation of the Cu-O and Nb-O-Nb bonds. With the rising temperature, an increase in conductivity and a decrease in resistivity were noticed from the plots. This indicated that the synthesized CuNb 2 O 6  thin film exhibited good semiconducting qualities. The prepared CuNb 2 O 6  thin film thus possesses improved electrical properties and can therefore be effectively utilized in photovoltaic solar cells.

Green synthesis of CuNb 2 O 6 thin film using allium cepa as catalyst