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In recent years, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has been seen as a potential chemical substance in replacing the traditional petroleum because their physicochemical properties have many similarities with gasoline and diesel, and they have some outstanding advantages compare to other biofuels. Due to those properties, there have been many studies conducted on the combustion behavior and emission characteristics of engines fueled with DMF and its blends. However, DMF was found to have a great tendency to generate soot precursors from the combustion process due to its ring structure, showing that further investigations of the formation tendency for particulate matter (PM) and soot when using DMF as an alternative fuel on internal combustion engines are extremely necessary. Therefore, in the current work, the formation mechanism of PM and soot from the DMF-based fuel combustion was thoroughly analyzed. More importantly, the relationship between the oxidation/pyrolysis reactions and the routes of PM formation and soot tendency in spark and compression ignition engines were discussed in detail. Based on obtained results, DMF was concluded to be a promising alternative fuel after blending with gasoline or diesel fuel rather than using pure mode. However, the other comprehensive assessments on engine performance characteristics, the impacts of DMF on the engine and fuel system durability, and the economic and environmental criteria should be carried out in the future.

Characteristics of PM and soot emissions of internal combustion engines running on biomass-derived DMF biofuel: a review