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This experimental work investigates the emission, performance, and combustion study of Pongamia biodiesel fuel with the addition of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) in four-stroke, single-cylinder, water-cooled, compression-ignition (CI) engine. The TiO 2  nanoparticle was included with Pongamia biodiesel (PBD100) fuel at the different PPM of 50 and 100. These experimental results proved that biodiesel with TiO 2  nanoparticle has improved combustion when compared to biodiesel fuel. The emissions of HC, the smoke of biodiesel with 100 ppm TiO 2  nanoparticle are lower than biodiesel fuel by 2.1%, 2.7% at full load. NOxand CO emissions are decreased by 3.8% and 1.9%, respectively compared to biodiesel. As per the performance fronts, specific fuel consumption improved with improvement in brake thermal efficiency for Pongamia biodiesel with 50 and 100 ppm TiO 2  nanoparticle. The TiO 2  nanoparticle inclusion at different ppm significantly increases the peak pressure and the net heat release rate values for Pongamia biodiesel. Hence, the Pongamia biodiesel with TiO 2  nanoadditives is an appropriate substitute fuel for diesel engine.

Emission, performance, and combustion study on nanoparticle-biodiesel fueled diesel engine