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In the current work, n-butanol-diesel blends were tested on a small size agriculture-based compression ignition (CI) engine. Taguchi analysis was carried out to identify the optimum blending ratio and engine operating parameters. Experiments were conducted with n-butanol/diesel blends (10–20% by volume) by varying compression ratio (CR) (17.5–19.5), injection timing (21–25 CA btdc) and injection pressure (200–220 bar). The 20% n-butanol/diesel blend (BU20) showed better results of performance and emissions at increased CR under similar operating conditions. When engine was fueled with BU20, reduction in Smoke, NO x  (Nitrogen-oxides) and CO (Carbon-monoxide) were observed to be 49.03%, 13.68% and 5.88%, respectively, in comparison to diesel. However, HC (Hydrocarbons) were found to be higher by 11.76% for BU20 as compared to diesel.

energy sources, part a: recovery, utilization, and environmental effects

Study of performance and emissions of a stationary DI variable compression ratio CI engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel blends using Taguchi technique: analytical and experimental analysis