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In this study, the effect of temperature and catalyst on the conversion of lactuca scariola stems into liquid and solid products with catalyst (H 3 BO 3 , NaOH, Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O, ZnCl 2 , K 2 CO 3 ) and without catalyst at temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 °C was investigated by a method of pyrolysis, a method of thermochemical conversion. The highest liquid product yield was obtained in the presence of ZnCl 2  (33.97%). The obtained liquid and solid products were examined by GC-MS, Elemental, FT-IR, SEM and  1 H NMR analysis methods. While the temperature in the experiments with catalyst and without catalyst was 350 °C, 98 different compounds, consisting of aromatics, aliphatics, oxygenated, nitrogenated and polycyclic compounds are obtained in general; at 450 °C, 92 different compounds, and for 550 °C, 88 different compounds were obtained.

Bio-oil and bio-char from lactuca scariola: significance of catalyst and temperature for assessing yield and quality of pyrolysis