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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in pediatrics has a uniformly poor prognosis. Complete surgical resection or liver transplantation remain the only curative options. In contrast to adult HCC, literature on pediatric HCC is sparse and a majority of the distinct subtypes are undefined with regards to their histology, immunohistochemistry and prognosis. Two infants, one with biliary atresia and another with transaldolase deficiency, underwent living donor liver transplants. Explant-liver histopathology revealed tumor with diffuse neoplastic syncytial giant cell pattern. Immunophenotypic characterization highlighted expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule, alpha fetoprotein and metallothionein. HCC with syncytial giant cells variant can occur in infants with underlying liver disease, specifically in our experience, with biliary atresia and another with transaldolase deficiency.

Pathologic and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Syncytial Giant Cell Variant of Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma. A Distinct Subtype