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Objective:  In this study, we investigate the molecular rearrangement of  FOXO1  in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARHS) in Saudi pediatric patients.  Method:  We performed a molecular detection of molecular translocation in 30 pediatric cases of ARHS using  FOXO1  dual color break-apart FISH probe (ZytoLight®, 13q14.11) and  PAX5  dual color break-apart FISH probe (ZytoLight®, 9p13.2).  Results:  All analyzable cases of ARHS demonstrated  FOXO1  translocation whereas  PAX5  translocation was not detected in any case.  Conclusion:  Although the testing for  PAX5  rearrangement was based on protein–protein network analysis, our study showed that  PAX5  translocation is not conspicuous in ARHS.  PAX7/3::FOXO1  fusion genes feature ARMS, rendering crossreactivity between  PAX7 and PAX3  a possible explanation. Nevertheless, PAX5 immunoreactivity and molecular translocation could be an adjunctive pathway that is confined to aggressive ARMS.

FOXO1 and PAX5 Rearrangement in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma in Saudi Pediatric Patients