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IGF-axis and mitotic capacity of cells play a vital role in fetal growth. We compared IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 protein levels, mitotic indices,  IGFR1  and  IGFR2  mRNA expression in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates of Indian women. Cord blood ( n  = 80) and placental samples ( n  = 40) were collected from AGA and SGA neonates. Plasma IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 proteins were measured by ELISA.  IGFR1  and  IGFR2  mRNA expression in the placenta were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cord blood was cultured  in vitro  and mitotic index was obtained. IGF1 ( p  = 1), and IGF2 ( p  = 0.69) protein levels did not differ, whereas IGFBP3 ( p  = 0.02) was significantly less in SGA compared to AGA neonates. Down-regulation of  IGFR1  (3.9-folds) and  IGFR2  (2.8-folds) mRNA and reduced mitotic index of lymphocytes was observed in SGA ( p  = 0.001) compared to AGA neonates. Our results showed that, SGA neonates displayed down-regulated  IGFR1  and  IGFR2  mRNA, decreased IGFBP3 protein and mitotic index.

The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-Axis and Mitotic Index in South Indian Neonates with Small for Gestational Age