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The acute and delayed hormonal and blood cell responses to a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session, were examined before and after a 3-week intervention (9 HIIT sessions of 4–6 × 30 s high-intensity cycling bouts) in eight recreationally active male volunteers (age: 24.3 ± 1.4 y, VO 2 max: 41.2 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min). Blood samples were collected before and 0.5, 24, 48 h following the first and last training session. Before training, the HIIT session induced acute increases in cortisol, prolactin and TSH concentration, while free-T4 peaked 24 h later (p &lt; 0.001) and testosterone remained unchanged. White blood cell count was increased 0.5 h after exercise (p &lt; 0.001), while lymphocyte percentage decreased 24 h post exercise (p &lt; 0.01). After three weeks of HIIT, cortisol, WBC and lymphocyte responses were decreased by ~42% (p = 0.002), 8.6% (p = 0.032) and 9.6% (p = 0.039), respectively, despite an increase in total work. These findings show that short-term HIIT may induce rapid adaptations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and may blunt exercise-induced immune responses.

Acute and delayed hormonal and blood cell count responses to high-intensity exercise before and after short-term high-intensity interval training