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Suitable transitional metal electrode substrate should keep high electroactivity and meanwhile suppress polarization effect. Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement are adopted to investigate interfacial interaction-dependent capacitance of lithium perchlorate-titanium and nickel (LiClO 4 -Ti, LiClO 4 -Ni) metal substrates. LiClO 4 -Ti reveals ideal electrical double layer capacitance due to electrochemical stability and LiClO 4 -Ni reveals the deviated electrical double layer capacitance due to polarization effect in potential range of 0–0.8 V. LiClO 4 -Ni reveals lower ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance and Warburg resistance to present higher conductivity, more active interface, and more feasible ion diffusion properties than LiClO 4 -Ti. Titanium and nickel substrates achieve mean response current of 0.13–2.47 μA cm −2  and 1.03–22.20 μA cm −2  at 5200 mV s −1 . The corresponding specific capacitances are 0.010–0.0095 mF cm −2  and 0.322–0.155 mF cm −2  at 0.01–0.10 mA cm −2 . LiClO 4 -Ni keeps much higher capacitance but relatively lower electrochemical stability than LiClO 4 -Ti. Theoretical calculation proves interfacial electrostatic adsorption of LiClO 4  on Ti and Ni substrates could change charge density distribution. LiClO 4 -Ni with the enlarged potential difference causes intensified polarization effect. LiClO 4 -Ni exhibits higher electrical conductivity and lower interface energy than LiClO 4 -Ti. Furthermore, carbon-coated nickel (C@Ni) was prepared to mostly restrain polarization effect and meanwhile keep high electroactivity of Ni substrate for the promising supercapacitor electrode application. It reveals specific capacitance of 25.9 mF cm −2  and cycling capacitance retention of 94.5% after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 1.0 mA cm −2  in 1.0 M LiClO 4 . The C@Ni electrode accordingly exhibits superior electroactivity and electrical double layer capacitance for energy storage application.

international journal of green energy

Theoretical and experimental investigation of electrical double layer capacitance of LiClO 4 -interacted metal substrates and carbon-coated nickel electrode