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Cerium dioxide (CeO 2 ), especially doped cerium, is widely used as an electrolyte, while stannic oxide (SnO 2 ) is known as a gas sensor material, but it is exceptionally new in solid-state ionics. In this work, a new semiconductor composite that consists of CeO 2  and SnO 2  was synthesized using a co-precipitation method and investigated for applications in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The as-prepared CeO 2 -SnO 2  composite ( n -n type) is employed as an electrolyte sandwiched between two Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 LiO 2-δ  (NCAL) electrodes to fabricate fuel cells with a high power density of 1167 mW cm −2 , accompanied by high open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.11 V at 550°C XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM analyses are employed to investigate the microstructure of the composites, illustrating that the as-prepared composite has particles of the nanometer size, without any other impurity phases. The electrical properties of the device are studied by EIS measurements. The results indicate that the synthesized CeO 2 -SnO 2  composite exhibits higher ionic conductivity than that of the CeO 2 -SnO 2  composite prepared by a dry grinding method. Considerable proton conductivity was also found for the CeO 2 -SnO 2  composite. Interestingly, although two n-type semiconductor materials are composited for the electrolyte membrane, there is no short-circuit issue. Hence, the n-n heterojunction is proposed to explain the electron blocking mechanism.

Co-precipitation synthesis of a CeO 2 −SnO 2 heterostructure electrolyte of low temperature solid oxide fuel cells