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High efficiency conversion of CO 2  can be realized in a solid oxide electrolysis cell. In this work, a flat-tube cell with symmetrical structure supported by Ni-YSZ fuel electrode was used to study the performance of high-temperature CO 2  electrolysis under different reducing gas components in the fuel electrode. The results indicated that in the H 2 -CO 2  fuel electrode atmosphere, the instantaneous performance of CO 2  electrolysis is better, the polarization impedance is smaller, and the overpotential of CO 2  electrolysis is lower under the same partial pressure of oxygen (i.e., with the same open-circuit voltage). Compared with CO as the protective gas, it is easier to achieve a stable electrolytic voltage for the electrolysis of CO 2  under H 2  protection. In the H 2 -CO 2  reaction atmosphere, when the proportion of protective H 2  increased from 25% to 75%, devastating irreversible degradation occurs at −300 mA/cm 2 , while in the CO-CO 2  (71.7% CO-28.3% CO 2 ) reaction atmosphere, the similar degradation occurs at – 200 mA/cm 2 . At – 200 mA/cm 2  constant-current electrolysis, the highest energy conversion efficiency can reach 171% (disregarding energy consumption for heating the gas) and 81.6% (disregarding energy consumption for heating air). This work provides a useful reference for the selection of atmosphere protection in CO 2  electrolysis based on Ni-YSZ electrode SOEC.

Performance of CO 2 electrolysis using solid oxide electrolysis cell with Ni-YSZ as fuel electrode under different fuel atmospheres