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Fusarium wilt, caused by  F. oxysporum , is a prevalent destructive tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  L.) disease in Nigeria. Development of safe, and efficient biocontrol measures is important in the management of the disease. In this study, incidence of fusarium wilt of tomato in four agricultural zones of Oyo State was established through purposive sampling, and the abundance, and  in vitro -biocontrol potential of  Bacillus  endophytes were determined. Strains of  F. oxysporum  and  Bacillus  endophytes were isolated from tomato plants collected from 21 farms.  In vitro -inhibition potential of endophytes was determined through a modified, dual-culture assay, involving six endophytes, and carbendazim (fungicide), set up in a completely randomized design. Using a rating-scale of 0–9, the highest wilt severity (6.67) and incidence (39.30%) were observed on Akinware farm in Ibadan/Ibarapa agricultural zone of Oyo State.  Fusarium oxysporum  IB3q caused severe wilt symptoms, including leaf chlorosis, necrosis, vascular discoloration, and wilt, on infected Alausa and Ibadan-local tomato varieties. Thirty-nine strains of  Bacillus  endophytes were isolated from the tissues of healthy tomato plants. Six of the isolated  Bacillus  endophytes inhibited  F. oxysporum. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  Sa08 and  B. subtilis  Og04 had inhibitory zones of 15.67 and 19.43 mm, respectively, against  F. oxysporum , and caused hyphal disintegration of the pathogen. They produced cell wall-degrading enzymes, with relative activities ranging from 0.87 to 5.04. Based on their  in vitro -inhibition potential,  B. amyloliquefaciens  Sa08 and  B. subtilis  Og04 should be deployed, as prospective biocontrol measures against seed-borne fusarium pathogens and fusarium wilt on tomato plants.

journal of crop improvement

Antifungal potential of endophytic  Bacillus  species isolated from tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) against  Fusarium oxysporum  collected from selected farms in Nigeria