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This research highlighting the novel properties of pseudo-elastic Ni-Ti bar owing to their ability to reverse macroscopically inelastic deformation during earthquake known as recentering capability and large elastic strain capacity which originated from the reversible austenite to martensite phase transformation. The homogeneity of Ni and Ti are extremely sensitive to the compositional in austenite finish temperature (Af) which led to phase change transformation behavior and the effect of different size of NiTi bar in design have not comprehensively considered in the previous work. Hence, this paper is presented and evaluates the cyclic properties of three different sizes and austenite finish temperature (Af) of pseudoelastic NiTi and reused NiTi to assess their prospective use as reinforcing bar to be exploited as seismic-resistant design and mitigation. The correlation of hysteretic behavior of Ni-Ti alloy in terms of cyclic loading number and history, mechanical properties at ambient temperature, equivalent damping, energy dissipation, and stress recovery were evaluated. The tensile cyclic test obtained demonstrated a rounded loading curve based on a 0.2% offset and increased with the increase of loading rate corresponding with the values of the stress plateau. The as-received bar and reused NiTi bar exhibited superior pseudo-elastic behavior and recentering through repeated cycling without significant degradation or permanent deformation but low energy damping due to narrow hysteresis while the steel rebar shows vice versa. Experimental results show potential for the use of SMAs in seismic applications and provide areas for continued research. It was concluded that the as-received and the reused pseudo elastic Ni-Ti reinforcing bar are suitable to use for seismic mitigation despite their ability to undergo cyclical strains is 6% to a maximum 8% with minimal residual strain, 0.004% to maximum less than 1%. Due to narrow hysteresis and phase transformation behavior, the 12.7 mm NiTi exhibit the perfect superelasticity with the residual strain (εR) was 0.1076% corresponding with strain recovery capacity of 98.21% for the range of cyclic strains up to 6%. The reused NiTi 12.7 mm exhibits the highest energy dissipation residual strains up to 99.95% for their wide hysteresis and successive to cyclic loading at an 8% strain cycle. In comparison, the strain recovery capacity (%) increased with a decrease in bar size. The energy dissipation and damping increasing with the increasing of the bar size, but decreasing with the increasing of the bar size for reused NiTi Af −6.3, hence correlate in a good agreement corresponding with 8 mm and 12 mm diameter of the bar. However, different relationship demonstrated for NiTi 12.7 mm due to different composition ratio that exhibits different phase transformation behavior.

molecular crystals and liquid crystals

Influenced of different austenite finish temperature (Af) to the cyclic properties of pseudo elastic NiTi and NiTi hybrid with steel for self-recovery of seismic reinforcing bar