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Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum ( Alq3 ) and related luminescent metal complexes were dispersed in water by bead milling with poly(ethylene glycol)-based surfactants bearing aromatic hydrophobic moieties. Spin-coating of these dispersions afforded relatively smooth thin films. Especially, the average surface roughness of the film obtained from the  Alq3  dispersion was 8.1 nm. We successfully fabricated a multilayer OLED consisting of a stack of ITO/poly(9-vinylcarbazole)/emitting layer/CsF/Al, where the emitting layer was formed by spin-coating of the  Alq3  dispersion on the water-insoluble poly(9-vinylcarbazole) layer. The device exhibited green electroluminescence based on  Alq3  with the maximum luminance greater than 500 cd m −2 .

Water-based dispersions of luminescent metal complexes for wet-processed multilayer organic light-emitting diodes