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The unrestrained thrust forces generated during bone drilling result in mechanical damages to the local host bone and lead to loosening of fixations. Even though Johnson-Cook model, Cowper-Symonds model, and Zerilli-Armstrong model consider the strain rate dependent on plastic curve, the predictability and suitability of the individual models restrict its applications. So, Johnson-Cook model combined with Cowper-Symonds model was developed, and bone drilling simulations were performed. It was found that the combined model predicted the thrust forces with a maximum error of 9.51%. The outcomes of the study can be used in the manual as well as robotic-assisted drilling operations.

Bone drilling simulation using Johnson-Cook model combined with Cowper-Symonds model validated with in-vitro experiments