English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

A freshwater snail assay was employed to assess the embryotoxicity of solvents including acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, dimethyl-sulfoxide, glycerin, metals/metalloids including mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ), cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ,), antimony salts Sb +3  and Sb +5 , drugs including colchicine, hydroxyurea, cyclophosphamide, an industrial chemical sodium azide (SA), an anionic surfactant dodecyl sodium sulfate-(DSS), H 2 O 2  and sodium chloride (NaCl). The assay consists of exposing  Biomphalaria glabrata  egg masses (EM) to the substances for 96-hr and following up embryo/snail development for lethality, abnormal morphology (teratogenicity), and day of hatching up to day 10 or 14 after spawning. Based upon concentration-response relationships, LC 50% s (embryolethality), EC 50% s (teratogenicity) and IC 50% s (hatching retardation) and 95%CIs were determined for tested chemicals. The LOECs indicated that HgCl 2  (37 nM) and CdCl 2  (140 nM) are potent embryotoxic agents in snails. Teratogenic indices (TI = LC 50 /EC 50 ) for almost all tested chemicals were lower than or close to unity suggesting that these compounds were not teratogenic in this assay. The snail assay may be adequately performed in a cost-effective standardized protocol which enables testing a number of environmental chemicals over a broad concentration range. The snail assay needs to undergo further validation to be recognized for an internationally harmonized hazard identification in ecotoxicity risk assessment.

Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of solvents, metals, drugs, and industrial chemicals using a freshwater snail ( Biomphalaria glabrata ) assay