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Brazilian plant biodiversity is a rich alternative source of bioactive compounds since plant-derived extracts and/or their secondary metabolites exhibit potential properties to treat several diseases. In this context,  Licania rigida  Benth (Chrysobalanaceae Family), a large evergreen tree distributed in Brazilian semi-arid regions, deserves attention for its widespread use in popular medicine, although its biological properties are still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to examine (1) acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg dose; (2)  in vitro  cytotoxicity at 0.1; 1; 10; 100 or 1000 µg/ml; (3)  in vivo  mutagenicity at 5, 10 or 20 mg/ml, and (4) potential antioxidant protective effect of  L. rigida  aqueous leaf extract of (AE Lr ). No marked apparent toxic and genotoxic effects were observed using  in vitro  and  in vivo  assays after  in vitro  treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1) with AE Lr  or  in vivo  exposure of Wistar rats and  Drosophila melanogaster  to different extract concentrations. Concerning the antioxidant effect, the extract exhibited a protective effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation as determined by malondialdehyde levels. No significant changes were observed for glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Data demonstrate the beneficial potential of AE Lr  to be employed for therapeutic purposes. However, further studies are required to validate the pharmacological application of this plant extract to develop as a phytotherapeutic formulation.

Licania rigida leaf extract: Protective effect on oxidative stress, associated with cytotoxic, mutagenic and preclinical aspects