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This work evaluated the competence of two strains of cadmium (Cd)-resistant  Streptomyces , namely  Streptomyces rapamycinicus  K5PN1, an indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producer, and  Streptomyces cyaneus  11-10SHTh, a siderophore producer on promoting Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp. The results showed that  S. rapamycinicus  improved root elongation of sunn hemp seedlings under Cd stress conditions.  S. rapamycinicus  and  S. cyaneus  were colonized on the root surface of sunn hemp at concentrations of 2.3 × 10 4  and 6.4 × 10 3  CFU g −1  root fresh weight, respectively. The results of pot-culture experiments showed that  S. rapamycinicus  increased the root and shoot lengths, and dry biomass of sunn hemp planted in high Cd-contaminated soil. The Cd concentration in the leaves of sunn hemp inoculated with  S. cyaneus  (73.82 ± 2.20 mg kg −1  plant dry wt) was higher than that of plants with  S. rapamycinicus  inoculation and the uninoculated control. The phytoextraction of Cd by sunn hemp was significantly increased with Cd-resistant  Streptomyces  inoculation. In conclusion, both strains of Cd-resistant  Streptomyces  had potential on enhancing Cd phytoextraction efficiency of sunn hemp. Our study suggests the application of Cd-resistant  Streptomyces  can improve Cd phytoextraction by sunn hemp for restoration of Cd-polluted sites.

Cadmium-resistant Streptomyces stimulates phytoextraction potential of Crotalaria juncea L. in cadmium-polluted soil