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A pot experiment was performed to investigate the effect of phytoremediation (CK, using tall fescue), fungi remediation (GV, using  Glomus versiforme ), bacterial remediation (PS, using  Pseudomonas fluorescens  Ps2-6), and microbial-phytoremediation (GVPS, using three species) on removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the microbial diversity in soils. Inoculation with  G. versiforme  and  P. fluorescens  could increase the biomass of tall fescue and the accumulation of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in plants. Among them, the highest PHE and PYR removal efficiencies and highest biomass of tall fescue were observed in the GVPS treatment and the microbial diversity in contaminated soil was changed, the result revealed that Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were the dominant bacterial phylum and fungal phylum in all treatments, while more Proteobacteria were detected in GVPS treatment. At the genus level, the abundance of  Sphingomonas  (3.17%),  Pseudomonas  (2.05%), and  Fusarium  (8.65%) treated with GVPS increased compared with other treatments. These pieces of evidence contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the combined microbial-phytoremediation strategies for PAHs-contaminated soils, especially the effects of microbial-phytoremediation on rhizosphere microbial diversity.

international journal of phytoremediation

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on microorganism of phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soils