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Soil columns were designed to investigate the vertical migration of Cd in Indian mustard (IM) and tall fescue (TF). The TF biomass was greater than the IM biomass, and the Cd content in IM was higher in the shoots but lower in the roots than that in TF. Both IM and TF released N and absorbed P and K during outdoor growth, differing from the results of the previous experiment in which plants were grown in greenhouses. TF was more absorbent and had less upward attraction than IM. The IM soil was more favorable for Cd precipitation than was the TF soil. Leaching remained the dominant effect, with only 2.28–3.40% and 2.65–3.90% of Cd absorbed by IM and TF, respectively. The present study on the vertical migration of Cd provides new insights into the phytoremediation mechanisms of IM and TF.HIGHLIGHTSVertical migration rate of Cd in soil was calculated.Cd precipitation in IM soil was greater and more excellence than TF soil.TF was more absorbent and had less upward attraction than IM.Leaching remained the dominant effect with only small absorb. Vertical migration rate of Cd in soil was calculated. Cd precipitation in IM soil was greater and more excellence than TF soil. TF was more absorbent and had less upward attraction than IM. Leaching remained the dominant effect with only small absorb.

Vertical fate of Cd in soil under phytoremediation by Indian mustard and tall fescue