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Soil lead (Pb) contamination has caused severe environmental threats and is in urgent need of remediation. This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of using the Miscanthus-microbe combination to reduce Pb pollution in the farmland surrounding a lead-zinc mining area. We have screened three heteroauxin (IAA)-producing microbes ( Lelliottia jeotgali  MR2,  Klebsiella michiganensis  TS8, and  Klebsiella michiganensis  ZR1) with high Pb tolerance. The IAA-producing ability of the mixed-species was stronger than that of the single bacterium. In pot experiments, the mixed-species of MR2-ZR1 and MR2-TS8 had better performance in enhancing the weight of Miscanthus grass (increased by 22.2–53.6% compared to the control group without inoculating microbes). The remediation efficiency of Pb was significantly higher in the MR2 (30.79%), MR2-TS8 (24.96%), and TS8-ZR1 (21.10%) groups than that in the control group (6.75%). We speculated that MR2 and mixed species of MR2-TS8 and TS8-ZR1 could promote the percentages of activated Pb fractions in soils and increase the Pb uptake of  M. floridulus  (Lab.). These results implied that the MR2-TS8 mixed-species might be selected as the effective microbial agent to simultaneously enhance the remediation efficiency of Pb-contaminated soils and the biomass of  M. floridulus  (Lab.).

Heteroauxin-producing bacteria enhance the plant growth and lead uptake of Miscanthus floridulus (Lab.)