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Constructed wetlands (CWs) have great potential as low-cost natural wastewater treatment in developing countries. The present study appraises the performance of the vertical flow constructed wetland for domestic wastewater treatment. More specifically, the potential of  Canna Indica  in the removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CNP) from wastewater under tropical conditions. CW cell was fabricated with a vegetative layer of  Canna Indica  and tested with domestic wastewater. Based on the test results,  Canna Indica  shows a high Removal Efficiency (RE) of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD 5 ) on the order of 87% and 91%, respectively. Similarly, nutrients removal efficiency for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) was found to be 97% and 98%, respectively. The investigation also revealed that there is considerable removal of sulfates with efficiency equal to 78.4%. Overall, the  Canna Indica  based CWs were found to be suitable for wastewater treatment in the tropical regions, provided a viable medium for treating the wastewater in peri-urban and rural areas of developing countries.

Performance of Canna Indica based microscale vertical flow constructed wetland under tropical conditions for domestic wastewater treatment