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In this study, we investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application rates with and without phosphorus-loaded biochar (BCP) on the productivity of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum  cv GS) planted on a contaminated soil based on pot and incubation experiments. The release kinetic of toxic metals as affected by BCP was also investigated. BCP at rate of 2% (w/w) and nitrogen levels (250 and 500 mg N kg −1 ) were added to sandy loam soil polluted with Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu. The experiment consisted of five treatments including: Control (C), nitrogen a rate of 250 (N 250 ), or 500 mg kg (N 500 ), BCP + N 250 , and BCP + N 500 . Maximum tomato growth was achieved in the soil that was treated with BCP + N 500 , followed by BCP + N 250 , while lowest one was observed in the control. Tomato yield as affected by the BCP and N-fertilization was in the descending order: BCP + N 500  &gt; BCP + N 250  &gt; N 500 =  N 250  &gt; C. The addition of N 250 , N 500 , BCP + N 250 , and BCP + N 500  increased the fruit yield by 24, 31, 35, 58% in comparison with the control. Levels of Zn, Cu, and Pb in tomato fruit was in the descending order: N 500 &gt; N 250  &gt; C &gt; BCP + N 500  &gt; BCP + N 250 . The combined application of BCP and N-fertilization augmented the availability and uptake of essential nutrients and effectively reduced those of toxic ones. The addition of BCP + N 250  decreased Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb content in fruit of tomato by 16, 10, 54, 54, and 58%, respectively, compared to the control soil, while these decreases were 13, 16, 60, 60, and 72% in the case of BCP + N 500 . BCP succeeded significantly in reducing the release of toxic chemicals, which ultimately may restrict the transfer of toxic chemical to the food chain solution. Novelty statement  Tomato grown on metal-contaminated soils contains high levels of toxic metals. Phosphorus-loaded biochar (BCP) reduced the negative effects of high inorganic-N rates by reducing the release of toxic metals to the soil solution. BCP enhanced the soil quality indicators and increased the soil microbe’s activity.

Effect of phosphorus-loaded biochar and nitrogen-fertilization on release kinetic of toxic heavy metals and tomato growth