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To determine the  in vitro  activities of novel and comparator antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in Taiwan. Isolates of  Escherichia coli  (n = 335),  Klebsiella pneumoniae  (n = 316; 144 isolates with hyperviscosity characteristics),  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  (n = 271),  Acinetobacter baumannii  complex (n = 187), and non-typhoidal  Salmonella  species (n = 226),  Shigella  species (n = 13) from miscellaneous culture sources were collected in 2020 in Taiwan. The MICs of the isolates to test antibiotics were determined using the broth microdilution method. GeneXpert was used to detect genes encoding carbapenemases among the carbapenem-non-susceptible (NS)  Enterobacterales  isolates. The MIC values of the cefepime-enmetazobactam combination against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing  E. coli  and  K. pneumoniae  isolates (MIC 90  ≤ 0.5 mg/L),  blaKPC -harboring  E. coli  isolates (0.25 mg/L; n = 2), and 80% of  blaOXA-48 -like gene-harboring  K. pneumoniae  isolates (≤2 mg/L) were low. The MIC ranges of the cefepime-zidebactam against carbapenemase-producing  Enterobacterales  isolates (irrespective of the carbapenemase type [MIC 90  ≤ 4 mg/L]) and carbapenem-NS or ceftolozane-tazobactam-NS  P. aeruginosa  isolates (MIC 90  value, 8 mg/L) were significantly lower than those of the cefepime-enmetazobactam. The efficacy of novel antibiotics against important drug-resistant GNB must be monitored and validated during the clinical treatment of patients.

expert review of anti-infective therapy

Multicenter surveillance of  in vitro  activities of cefepime-zidebactam, cefepime-enmetazobactam, omadacycline, eravacycline, and comparator antibiotics against  Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and  Acinetobacter baumannii  complex causing bloodstream infection in Taiwan, 2020