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We report on a novel and flexible experiment to investigate thenon-equilibrium melting behaviour of model crystals made from charged colloidalspheres. In a slit geometry polycrystalline material formed in a low saltregion is driven by hydrostatic pressure up an evolving gradient in saltconcentration and melts at large salt concentration. Depending on particle andinitial salt concentration, driving velocity and the local salt concentrationcomplex morphologic evolution is observed. Crystal-melt interface positions andthe melting velocity are obtained quantitatively from time resolved Bragg- andpolarization microscopic measurements. A simple theoretical model predicts theinterface to first advance, then for balanced drift and melting velocities tobecome stationary at a salt concentration larger than the equilibrium meltingconcentration. It also describes the relaxation of the interface to itsequilibrium position in a stationary gradient after stopping the drive indifferent manners. We further discuss the influence of the gradient strength onthe resulting interface morphology and a shear induced morphologic transitionfrom polycrystalline to oriented single crystalline material before melting.

Non-equilibrium melting of colloidal crystals in confinement