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Dipeptidyl peptidase is a crucial enzyme that regulates glucose metabolism by degrading incretins, such as glucagon-like-peptide-1, thereby reducing insulin secretion from the pancreatic  β -cells. Consequently, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors are an important remedial approach to moderate the hyperglycemic pathophysiology. A pyruvylated polysaccharide characterized as [→3)-4,6- O -(1-carboxyethylidene)- β -D-gal p -(2SO 3− )-(1→4)-3,6- α -L-AnGal p -(2OMe)-(1→], isolated from the marine macroalga  Hydropuntia edulis , showed attenuation potential against dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (IC 50  4.44  μ M). The structure was elucidated using mass and one/two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses of hydrolyzed polysaccharide besides glycosidic linkages obtained from partially methylated alditol acetate derivative. The isolated polysaccharide also revealed potential anti-carbolytic properties against  α -amylase/ α -glucosidase (IC 50  45–47  μ M). The results proved the candidacy of pyruvylated polysaccharide isolated from  H. edulis  as a potential therapeutic lead against hyperglycemia.

A novel anti-hyperglycemic sulfated pyruvylated polysaccharide from marine macroalga Hydropuntia edulis