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The aim of this study was to establish the hairy root (HR) culture of  Plantago major  to evaluate the accumulation of apigenin, catalpol and gallic acid after elicitation and investigate the biological activity of its methanolic extraction. The highest transformation frequency was obtained by  Agrobacterium rhizogenes  strain A4, 0.5 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine in pre-cultivation medium, 150 µM acetosyringone in co-cultivation medium (1/2 MS), and immersion method for inoculation of leaf explants. The production of apigenin, catalpol and gallic acid compounds were significantly affected by treatment of 1.18 mM AgNO 3  at 24 h which yielded 4.30, 8.24 and 2.89-fold increase, respectively. The assessment of anti-bacterial activity showed that the methanolic extracts of the HRs elicited with 1.18 mM AgNO 3  were significantly active against  Proteus vulgaris  (PTCC 1182) (MIC = 25 mg/mL and MBC = 25 mg/mL). Furthermore, the MTT assay revealed that the methanolic extracts of the HRs were cytotoxic on the SW-480 cell (IC 50 =337.56 ± 1.82 µg/mL).

natural product research

In vitro  elicitation and detection of apigenin, catalpol and gallic acid in hairy root culture of  Plantago major  L. and assessment of cytotoxicity and anti-bacterial activity of its methanolic extract