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A new prenylated kaempferol, conglomeratin ( 1 ), alongside  7  known compounds including flavonoids ( 2  and  3 ), ellagic acid derivatives ( 4  and  5 ), triterpenoids ( 6  and  7 ), and a coumarin ( 8 ) were isolated from the leaves ( 1 − 5 ) and stem bark ( 6 − 8 ) of  Macaranga conglomerata . Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The antibacterial assay was performed using disc diffusion method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Compound  1  was significantly active against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  ATCC 27853 (MIC = 7.8 µg/mL) and moderately active towards  Staphylococcus aureus  ATCC 25923,  Escherichia coli  ATCC 25922 and  Klebsiella pneumoniae  ATCC 31488 (MIC = 62.5 µg/mL). Compound  2  showed potency against  P. aeruginosa  ATCC 27853 (MIC = 1.0 µg/mL) while  4  and  7  were selective towards  K. pneumoniae  ATCC 31488 (MIC = 7.8 and 1.0 µg/mL, respectively). These findings suggest that prenylation of flavonoids may contribute to improving their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities.

Conglomeratin: a new antibacterial flavonol derivative from Macaranga conglomerata Brenan (Euphorbiaceae)