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A novel low molecular mass ginkgo biloba trypsin inhibitor (GBTI) was isolated from ginkgo fruits (GF) by trypsin inhibitory activity-guided fractionation by using ammonium sulphate precipitation, followed by ultra-filtration, affinity chromatography and RP-HPLC. The molecular mass and amino acid sequence of GBTI was determined using ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS, respectively. The structure of GBTI was identified as MKNLTVIPPICLKFPN, with a molecular mass of 1826 Da. GBTI was stable in the pH range of 4–8 and in the temperature range of 0–80 °C for 30 min. However, the inhibitory activity of the GBTI reduced when incubated with various metalions (K + , Na + , Fe 2+ , Mg 2+  and Ca 2+ ) . Finally, GBTI exhibited significant antiproliferative effect in human MDA-MB-231 and mouse 4 T-1 triple-negative breast cancer cells and without toxicity to MCF-10A normal breast cells. Our results suggest that GBTI could be exploited as a natural and hyperstable anticancer agent for triple-negative breast cancer patients.

Purification and properties of a novel trypsin inhibitor from ginkgo fruits and its antiproliferative effect in triple-negative breast cancer cells